What is arthritis in the joints and why it appears

A person's life is divided into "before" and "after". There is a lot of fun before illness, sometimes trivial issues. After that, only daily struggle and quiet despair still make normal life never recover. But you can solve the problem forever!

What is a joint

This is a joint disease, when the articular cartilage is destroyed over time, the joint ends of the bone are modified to appear periastate degenerative tissue, and inflammation is actively thriving.

Causes and developments

Arthritis may develop due to excessive load or joint damage. In any case, this process is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of proteoglycan (special complex protein). As the amount of proteoglycan is reduced, the joints lose water because these molecules hold it. As a result, the cartilage "dry", loses its elasticity and elasticity, and becomes rough and dry. Therefore, abnormal friction occurs due to breathing. Due to friction, the joints are "erased" and the cartilage becomes thinner and thinner. Due to the constant microamine, growth is formed on combined botany. The final stage is the complete disappearance of the cartilage.

It is mistakenly believed that people should "disperse" bone plants as "salt". But they are not salt deposits and there is nothing to disperse in the joints.

The risk factors of arthritis determine the cause. Note that if there is a factor (e. g. , 50 years old) the joint may not occur, but in the presence of 2 or more causes, the chance of it appearing increases, for example, injury at 50 years old. All factors can be divided into non-genetic and genetic, external and internal.

Internal factors:

• age. As time goes by, the human body's regeneration ability decreases and cell activity decreases. Therefore, collagen reproduction decreases and synovial fluid in the joint becomes less.
• Violation of metabolism. Various metabolic diseases can cause arthritis. The most common causes are lower estrogen levels and diabetes. Various metabolic lesions also cause arthritis.
  Mineral and vitamin deficiency. Everything is clear here. If no necessary substances are received, collagen and other substances have nothing to synthesize at all. Pathology can develop in the context of abnormal substance assimilation.
• overweight. A little impact on the cause, because arthritis occurs only due to excessive weight, so a person weighs more than 150 kg. But this also has implications and increases the likelihood of arthritis.
• Violating the development of bones, joints. Such anomalies may not only be due to genetics, but also for other reasons. The pathology of development is not a sentence, but the rules of certain joints must be followed.

• arthritis. During inflammation, the blood supply to the joints is disturbed, and synovial fluid and cartilage changes are composed of changes. Please note that after getting rid of arthritis, there is still a risk of arthritis until the fluid and tissue composition of the joints return to normal.
• Combined with heart attack. Another way, sterile necrosis of joints. It develops with a blood trend of thrombosis-forming blood clots. But usually, thrombosis does not cause joints, so the development of arthritis requires involvement of other causes.
• Chronic stress. Depression and shocking conditions that prolong the body lead to lower levels of regeneration and reduced protective properties. The possibility of developing any disease will not only increase.

External factors:

1. Injuried. These include various types of dislocations, damage to joint pockets, and bone base of joints. This injury occurs rarely and has no trace in proper treatment. But in the presence of other factors, arthritis may occur.
2. Excessive load on joints. It occurs in professional athletes or workers at long distances. However, this factor is recommended by the coach and rarely leads to arthritis without other factors.
3. Surgical intervention measures(Half-month resection, etc. ). After the surgery, the patient was prescribed medication, bed rest, and other procedures to reduce the risk of complications. The likelihood of arthritis increases due to violations.

Main symptoms

The diagnosis of arthritis is very simple, even an unprepared person can do it, which is enough to understand the type of pain in the joint.

Types of joint pain:

1. Pain occurs and increases due to increased load, weakening during rest.
2. If the patient is placed and another person bends his limb, the pain will occur as usual (due to joint friction);
3. As the disease progresses, the pain at work gradually increases.

Another characteristic symptom is dry joints when moving. Usually, joints are tightened, but the sound of healthy joints is sonic, sharp, and the joints will not be damaged. With the influence of the joints, the tightening is dry, and at first it hears poorly, but it keeps accompanying movement. At the same time, a person suffers from severe pain.

As the disease progresses, other characteristics of symptoms appear: low mobility and joint deformation. X-ray diagrams show the reduction of joint space, the growth of bones on the head, and its deformation.

Articity usually occurs in the knee and hip joints because it is they who experience increased load. Less than it, it occurs on the shoulders and elbow joints, fingers, or legs. There are a variety of diseases - generalized arthritis, in which all joints in the human body are immediately affected.

Disease stage

With joint nature, joint cartilage, bones and tissues are damaged. The difference between joint stages is differentiated according to the degree of damage to the joint.

Phase 1

At this stage, the degradation process only affects collagen fibers and proteoglycan molecules in the cartilage. Due to changes in the composition of cartilage or synovial fluid, pathological friction occurs, resulting in painful sensations. The pain occurs after intense physical fatigue and the stillness disappears. Joint movement is not difficult yet, and these changes are not related to muscle fibers, joint pockets, and surrounding blood vessels. At this stage, changes on the X-rays are invisible, or they are insignificant.

Stage 2

Due to abnormal friction, the cartilage loses its elasticity and strength properties and gradually becomes thinner, no longer protecting the head of the bone. As a result, their contact area increases. At the edge of the joint platform, a genus of the bone formed a growth-clearly visible in the X-ray picture.

At this stage, the pain not only can bear the load, but also pursues the patient with any slight exercise. Peace does not completely relieve it, although it can relieve pain. The joints were partially lost to mobility, and the patient himself tried not to load the affected limbs.

Due to lack of mobility, blood supply to the joints deteriorates. As a result, the composition of the synovial fluid changes, becomes viscous and loses lubricating properties, thereby accelerating the progress of the disease. X-rays show that the lumen of the joint gap is reduced by 50-70%, and joint deformation becomes obvious.

Stage 3

At this stage, the cartilage disappears completely or partially. The mobility of the joints disappears, and the patient not only suffers severe pain when moving, but also is still in a state of static. The joint gap and synovial fluid disappear, and the joint pocket wrinkles and atrophy. At this stage, only joint replacement can be performed by artificial prosthesis, and can only be treated surgically. If this is not done, anchoring occurs in the absence of movement.

Treatment method

Even with 100% dedication to the doctor and the patient, the joints fully recover in the joint stages alone. During two stages, bone deformation is observed, so returning the joint to the joint will be ineffective. But you can delay operations for a long time and even avoid using them altogether. Stage 3 of arthritis is treated only by surgical treatment.

During the joint stages of stage 1 and 2, many methods are used. First of all, this is drug treatment. Various physical therapies, biological treatments, massages are also used. In case of overweight, food normalization is required.

Symptomed treatment

To eliminate pain, non-replacement anti-inflammatory drugs are used. All funds have many contraindications, and it is not recommended to use them for a long time as they can worsen the synthesis of proteoglycans in the joints.

To relieve pain, selective anti-inflammatory drugs are best used. They cause no complications, have few contraindications, and can be vaguely accepted for a long time. To improve blood circulation, you can use vasodilator medications or topical irritation ointments.

Specific treatments

It includes taking cartilage protective agents (glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate) - drugs used to restore cartilage. Glucosamine stimulates the activity of chondrocytes, and it is also the raw material for producing proteoglycan molecules. Chondroitin sulfate increases proteoglycan's ability to grasp and hold water. Furthermore, it stimulates the formation of collagen fibers and blocks the enzymes that dissolve them.

Also used - Intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection. It is the raw material of collagen fiber and an integral part of synovial fluid. Treatments are common and proven to be effective. In order to achieve the effect of a specific therapy, it takes 1. 5 years to fully recover the cartilage.

Surgery

The latest and most radical way to treat joints. During the operation, the affected joints are disconnected and the joint head and joint bed are removed. Place the artificial joints in a titanium head and a cabin made of high-strength polyethylene. The entire structure is fixed in the bone with pins.

The operation of replacing the hip or knee joint is complicated and dangerous. It usually causes complications (pulmonary thromboembolic, infectious disease). Even if the operation is successfully carried out, the prosthesis will "break" over time and will need to be replaced. This occurs within a maximum of 10-15 years and has a minimum period of 1-3 years.

Other programs

Many procedures are designed to eliminate destructive friction in the joints, thereby improving blood supply. Treatments, many of which should be used in full or alternately. We will analyze only some of the most effective treatments:

1. Manual therapy. During this process, the manual therapist "stretches" the joints to reduce pressure from the cartilage. The process should be performed regularly and regularly, but its effect appears immediately.
2. Another way to leach joints -Hardware traction. It is effectively used on the knee joint, and the knees are stretched on a special table where the device is used. Each course has enough courses to perform 10-12 sessions per year.
3. Therapeutic massage. After the surgery, the circulation of joint fluid will improve, blood supply will increase, and the plasticity of the joints will increase. Massage is prohibited during inflammation.
4. Ultrasound therapy. With ultrasound vibrations, "massage" of muscles, blood vessels and cartilage tissue occurs. Ultrasound causes accelerated metabolism due to biochemical exposure. When mechanical energy from sound enters thermal energy, it also has a thermal effect.
5. existExercise therapyWith the effects of joints, many exercises include, including unusual training, which are only used for arthritis.
   This is an example of an exercise that is talked about by a fence specialist and provides explanations for each exercise.

Dietary arthritis

It has long been believed that irregular nutrition can cause arthritis and can be cured with diet. Nowadays, it is obvious that nutrition has no direct relationship with arthritis.

Of course, excessive weight is one of the factors that accelerate joint processes, so eating is useful, but only for some people circles. It should be understood that the normalization of nutrition is derived from excess weight.

Weight loss is especially important for patients with gonads, because the body's main weight is on the knee.

When saving weight, you need to understand and use several rules that simplify tasks and guarantee results:

1. Psychological work. The desire to "eat tightly" arises due to certain psychological attitudes, and the desire to reward or calm the nerves with the help of sweet help. This psychological problem deprives you of weight loss, and increases stress and exacerbates the situation. Losing weight without solving psychological problems will only have temporary effects.
2. Not weight loss, but normalization of food. The main reason for overweight is improper nutrition. If you lose weight but don't eliminate an unbalanced diet, then after a while, people gain weight again. It is necessary to delete the root of the problem. That is, it is necessary to normalize nutrition rather than a certain "weight loss period", but forever.
3. Gradually introduce all rules. It is very difficult to lose weight psychologically, so all the rules of healthy eating must be introduced gradually. First, introduce one rule (for example, after 19: 00), and after you get used to one rule, introduce another rule.
4. Must be marked out from the menuFried meat, any dish made with oil, candy products made from white flour. You need to eat more vegetables, fruits, simple cereals on the water. It is recommended to divide your daily diet into 5-6 meals, and drink more water 3-4 hours before going to bed.

Arthritis is a terrible disease, but with a systematic and timely treatment, it retreats. To defeat him, you need to understand its nature, development mechanism, risk factors and development reasons. If you use all the recommended treatments, healing joints will be very simple.